秋冬湯水有助改善呼吸系統疾病

長者常見的呼吸道疾病

寒冷的冬季是呼吸系統疾病的易發季節。長者身體各器官及功能逐漸衰退,耐寒性較差,發病率較高,而自愈率低。故長者以慢性阻塞性肺病、慢性支氣管炎、肺氣腫及哮喘等,為常見的冬季急性發作的呼吸系統疾病。

  1. 慢性阻塞性肺病

    是一種呼吸氣流受阻,而且無法以藥物完全恢復的疾病。慢性阻塞性肺病多繼發於慢性肺部疾病之後,病位在肺,與脾腎功能失調有密切關係。多因慢性肺部疾患反覆發作,以致肺、脾、腎虧虛,使津液化為痰為飲,血行滯而瘀,使氣道阻塞。本病為標實本虛之症,“虛”是反覆發病和誘發感染的主要內因,特別是肺脾腎三臟之虛。虛則生痰,虛則致瘀,痰生瘀則虛更甚。三者互為因果,交互錯雜,致使病情逐漸加重。

    常見症狀為慢性咳嗽、咯痰、氣短、呼吸困難以及喘息、胸悶。應以補肺脾腎為本,袪除阻絡之痰瘀及六淫邪氣為標。

  2. 慢性支氣管炎

    慢性支氣管炎,一般可由急性支氣管炎轉變成慢性支氣管炎,或長期受到物質刺激支氣管的黏膜所造成,吸煙是其中誘發該病的主要原因之一。

    慢性支氣管炎在中醫學上可分為實証、虛証兩大類。中醫認為久病必虛,故慢性支氣管炎多屬虛証。但如上呼吸道反覆感染,病情加劇,則出現實、熱、痰、濕等証候,形成邪實正虛的局面。

  3. 哮喘

    是一種由於支氣管收縮、呼吸道發炎和水腫或有痰涎阻塞,使空氣不能暢順出入,而引致肺部呼吸困難的疾病。

    中醫認為肺為氣之主,腎為氣之根。哮喘發作在於本虛、宿痰內伏於肺,當受外因感染、飲食情志所傷或勞倦傷身等因素,使肺不能主氣,腎虛不能納氣,氣逆於上,而致喘急;脾為生化之源,脾虛生痰,痰阻氣道,則見喘咳,氣短。是屬肺、脾、腎三虛之症,臨床上可分為發作期和緩解期。

    哮喘是支氣管間歇縮窄,持續數小時或數天不定,然後回復正常。大部分病人可自然地或經治療後恢復,這是與慢性支氣管炎和肺氣腫的最大分別。

長者應注意什麼?

  1. 中醫認為寒從足下生:冬季穿大衣,把上身包得厚厚暖暖的,但往往卻忘了下肢和腳的保暖,其實下身受風寒所侵亦會引發感冒及呼吸系統疾病。故此,長者於外出時應做好保暖措施,避免受寒風刺激。

  2. 保持室內空氣流通及濕度:普遍市民認為保持室內溫度和暖,通常緊閉門窗或開暖器便可,但由於氣候乾燥,此舉會更容易導致水分不足、咽乾或喉嚨腫痛。故此,即使天氣寒冷,亦應打開適量的門窗,保持空氣流通;可以考慮使用空氣加濕器或放置一盆水,以改善室內濕度。當然要多渴水補充水份,這也是預防乾燥的最簡單方法。

  3. 避免病菌侵襲:由於人多的室內環境,空氣質素會較差,容易受到病菌的感染,故應盡量少去人多稠密的公共場所、醫院等。平常應多注意衛生,勤洗手、定期消毒家居及用品。
簡易保健湯水
1.黃芪母雞湯
材料生黃芪30g,母雞1隻,南杏仁25g,蔥段,生薑片各適量
做法生黃芪、南杏仁、蔥、生薑洗淨。母雞去除內臟,洗淨。把全部用料齊放入鍋內,加清水適量,武火煮沸後,用文火煮1-2小時,下鹽調味即可
功效補中益氣
適合肺氣虛,咳嗽,感冒,哮喘等


2.川貝雪梨瘦肉湯
材料川貝母6克,瘦肉500克,雪梨2個,蜜棗、紅蘿蔔1個
做法瘦肉切粒,紅蘿蔔切塊,雪梨削皮去核切塊,在鍋中加入適量沸水,放入瘦肉、川貝母、雪梨及紅蘿蔔煮開,改用文火煮1.5小時,下鹽調味即可
功效除痰、潤肺、補肺
適合燥熱咳、口乾、乾咳無痰等


3.羅漢果燉銀耳
材料銀耳1大朵,羅漢果1個,冰糖25g,清水適量
做法銀耳清水泡發20分鐘,剪去蒂部,撕成小朵,沖洗乾淨後瀝乾水分備用。羅漢果對剖,取出中間瓢囊。鍋內放入適量沸水,加入羅漢果、冰糖,武火煮至沸騰時轉文火 ,再燉5分鐘,將羅漢果撈出;放入銀耳,用文火燉25分鐘即可
功效清熱潤肺,止咳利咽,滋補生津,養胃
適合咽痛肺熱,咳嗽痰多等


*以上資料只供參考,如有疑問,請向註冊中醫師查詢。

撰文:基督教聯合那打素社康服務 註冊中醫師 陳俊偉

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五十肩的中醫治療方法
最新
五十肩是什麼?

五十肩,又稱肩周炎 (英文稱Frozen Shoulder),是肩關節周圍肌肉、肌腱、滑囊和關節囊等軟組織的慢性炎症,導致肩關節疼痛和活動受限制,常發生在四、五十歲的中年人身上。肩周炎發病過程緩慢,但一旦出現症狀,就會迅速加重。初期可能只是肩關節僵硬,舉高及轉動手臂困難,肩部隱隱作痛,許多人誤以為只要休息一下就會自然康復,而忽略了及時治療。然而,隨著時間增長,症狀會逐漸加重,最終嚴重影響日常生活,連進行簡單的動作如吃飯、穿脫衣服、摸背、洗臉、梳頭等等簡單動作都變得困難。

五十肩的成因

現代醫學認為,五十肩的發生與多種因素有關。長時間不動,例如中風、偏癱患者、或因肩部骨折、脫位而需長期固定肩部,或在固定期間不注意肩關節的功能鍛鍊,都可誘發肩周炎。值得注意的是,有些患者沒有明顯的誘因,卻會自發性地出現五十肩。

中醫稱五十肩為「漏肩風」,認為主要是肝腎不足、氣血虧虛、筋肉失於濡養加上外傷勞損、風寒濕邪侵襲而導致。患者通常在晚上或天氣多變、轉冷時疼痛加重,肩部經常畏寒怕冷,尤其後期更出現肩關節的粘連,活動能力明顯受限。

中醫針對肩周炎的治療方法
藥物治療一般宜補氣血、益肝腎、溫經絡、袪風濕為主,減輕患者的痛苦。
針灸治療對於疼痛較嚴重的患者來說治療效果較好,因患者肩部腫痛,難以活動,而針灸可以達到舒筋通絡,祛瘀止痛之功效。
推拿療法在患者的痛處進行推拿按摩或局部熱敷,可令疼痛得到緩解,以剝離粘連,恢復關節活動功能,亦是大眾較容易接受的治療方法。


除了上述的治療方法外,患者還須靠訓練,才能明顯改善肩部的功能。

爬牆訓練患者面對牆壁用雙手或患側單手沿牆壁緩慢向上爬動,使患肢盡量向上舉高,然後再緩慢向下回到原處,反覆進行,循序漸進,不斷提高爬牆的高度,以解除粘連。
環轉運動患者站立,單臂或雙臂由前向後轉肩數次,再由後向前轉肩數次,做環轉活動。
雙手向後背伸由健手拉住患肢腕部,逐漸向上提拉,反覆進行。
外旋訓練背部緊靠牆壁而立,上臂緊貼身體兩側,屈肘90度握拳,做肩部外旋動作,盡量使拳接近牆壁,反覆進行。


肩周炎的治療需要耐心和毅力,因為病程較長,療效也需要時間顯現。但只要患者積極配合治療,並加強訓練,就能有效縮短病程,加快痊癒。

*以上資料只供參考,如有疑問,請向註冊中醫師查詢。

撰文:基督教聯合那打素社康服務 賽馬會天水圍社區健康中心 註冊中醫師 陳俊偉

房協長者安居資源中心以長者關注的健康議題,為長者設計了五個不同主題的身體測試項目,包括:整體健康、認知能力、視覺功能、關節及肌肉。中心提供的健康探索團,由專人帶領參觀及講解,查詢請電 2839 2882。

*此服務由香港房屋協會提供,撰文機構及中醫師僅提供內容作教育用途。